可是好多收藏家甚是畫家本人，經(jīng)?；ǜ邇r購買過來的字畫卻是贗品，等發(fā)覺上當(dāng)受騙、后悔莫及矣！畢竟如今市場上惟利是圖的書畫商多啊！他們?yōu)榱四踩”├?，往往不擇手段地造假。所以筆者認(rèn)為，那些愛好者在購買之前，多了解一些書畫鑒定方面的理論知識，對書畫的鑒定及辨?zhèn)斡兄苯拥膸椭?。筆者以下就書畫鑒定方面道出幾點自己膚淺的認(rèn)識！

But many collectors, even painters themselves, often spend high prices to buy calligraphy and paintings that are fake. When they discover that they have been deceived, they will regret it too much! After all, there are many profit oriented calligraphy and painting merchants in the market today! They often resort to any means to fabricate in order to make huge profits. So the author believes that those enthusiasts should learn more about the theoretical knowledge of calligraphy and painting appraisal before making a purchase, which can directly help in the appraisal and identification of calligraphy and painting. The author would like to share a few shallow insights on calligraphy and painting appraisal below!

書畫鑒定于美學(xué)和歷史兩種內(nèi)涵，因此需要學(xué)習(xí)者掌握多方面的理論知識。特別必須深刻了解的歷史和文化，知道書畫家的字號、籍貫和生卒時間，歷代帝王的稱謂、禮制、天干地支等方面的常識等。比如，我們看到一幅古書畫，上面的畫家是創(chuàng)作于明代朱元章時期，而畫中落款作者署名的時間卻是崇禎年間，那作品必假無疑。

The appraisal of calligraphy and painting belongs to two connotations: aesthetics and history, so learners need to master various theoretical knowledge. It is particularly necessary to have a profound understanding of China's history and culture, as well as knowledge of the calligrapher and painter's trade name, place of origin, and time of birth and death, as well as knowledge of the titles, rituals, heavenly stems, earthly branches, and other aspects of emperors throughout history. For example, we can see an ancient calligraphy and painting, where the painter was created during the Ming Dynasty's Zhu Yuanzhang period, but the time when the author signed the signature on the painting was during the Chongzhen period, so there is no doubt that the work is fake.

另外注意避諱。避諱就是在封建時代，晚輩對長輩、臣下對皇帝不能直書、直呼其名，以改字、缺筆或空字等方法代替。如清代"四王"之一王鑒，因其字號為"玄照"，為避康熙皇帝"玄燁"之名，他作品落款時都將"玄照"改成"元照"?；虬?玄"字寫成缺筆、來避諱。若遇到該避諱卻沒有避諱的款字，當(dāng)屬假品。

Also pay attention to taboos. Avoiding taboos means that in feudal times, younger generations were not allowed to directly write or call the emperor's name to their elders or subordinates, and were replaced by methods such as changing characters, missing strokes, or using empty characters. Wang Jian, one of the "Four Kings" of the Qing Dynasty, changed his name from "Xuanzhao" to "Yuanzhao" when signing his works to avoid the name of Emperor Kangxi's "Xuanye". Or write the character "Xuan" as missing strokes to avoid taboos. If you encounter a character that should be avoided but not avoided, it is considered a fake product.

還有，要留意同一畫家不同時期的繪畫風(fēng)格不會一樣；舉例；我們看到一幅所謂張大千彩墨相交融的大寫意山水作品，上面筆墨精麗絕倫、豐厚濃重讓人難辨真假。但細(xì)瞧題款是作于一九四五年之前，且款字“爰”字字形頭小底大。毋庸置疑，這幅肯定就是贗品。為什么？因為潑墨山水是張大千晚期的作品，他早年是以傳統(tǒng)的山水和精工細(xì)描的工筆畫為主。且“爰”字后期寫法已無頭小尾大之形態(tài)。

Also, it is important to note that the painting styles of the same painter may not be the same in different periods; For example; We see a large freehand landscape painting by Zhang Daqian, which blends color and ink. The brushstrokes on it are exquisite and profound, making it difficult to distinguish between true and false. But upon closer inspection, the title was created before 1945, and the character "Yuan" has a small head and a large bottom. Undoubtedly, this painting is definitely a counterfeit. Why? Because the splashed ink landscape was a work of Zhang Daqian in his later years, he mainly focused on traditional landscape and meticulous meticulous brushwork in his early years. And the writing style of the character "Yuan" in the later period is no longer in the form of a small head and a large tail.

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