字畫是作于紙和帛之上的，帛的壽命一般百年左右，紙的壽命約在千年之內(nèi)。名人字畫回收人員提醒您，出土文物中的紙帛由于地下埋葬環(huán)境的不同，仍可能超越千年。

Calligraphy and painting are made on paper and silk, and the lifespan of silk is generally around a hundred years, while the lifespan of paper is within a thousand years. Celebrity calligraphy and painting recycling personnel remind you that the paper and silk in unearthed cultural relics may still exceed a thousand years due to different underground burial environments.

例如絹帛在晉唐之前是單絲織成，直到宋代才發(fā)現(xiàn)雙絲織成的絹帛，比元明時期的絹顯得細密。

For example, silk was woven from single silk before the Jin and Tang dynasties, and it was not until the Song Dynasty that silk woven from double silk was found to be finer and denser than silk from the Yuan and Ming dynasties.

由絹的質(zhì)量類別可以斷定字畫年代。紙，也有時代痕跡。隋唐之前，紙以麻料作原料，顯得纖維較租，紙張不夠細潔;隋唐之后，樹皮被用來造紙，其紙質(zhì)就比以前精細;北宋中期后，造紙原料多樣化，紙質(zhì)也呈現(xiàn)多樣化了。

The quality category of silk can determine the era of calligraphy and painting. Paper also has traces of the times. Before the Sui and Tang dynasties, paper was made of hemp material, which made it appear that the fibers were more expensive and the paper was not fine and clean enough; After the Sui and Tang dynasties, tree bark was used for papermaking, and its paper was finer than before; After the mid Northern Song Dynasty, the raw materials for papermaking were diversified, and paper also showed diversification.

實際上，民間收藏的字畫僅以明清以后時期多見，這是因為紙、絹本身難于歷經(jīng)數(shù)百年保存的緣故。再加上造偽者的混淆，所以有人認為古字畫中相當部分是魚目混珠。

In fact, folk collections of calligraphy and painting are only common after the Ming and Qing dynasties, because paper and silk themselves are difficult to preserve over hundreds of years. Coupled with the confusion caused by counterfeiters, some people believe that a considerable portion of ancient Chinese calligraphy and painting is a mixture of fish and eyes.

此外各個時代裝橫有其特色。如元代宮廷藏畫選擇專人裝裱，大德四年“以古玉象牙為軸，以鸞鵲木錦碧天續(xù)為裝核”。明代書畫則在書畫卷增加了引首，有的還被寫上了字，立軸有寬邊、窄邊之分，有的還加了詩堂。清代宮廷書畫的裝核用料和技術(shù)形式都勝于明代，顯得更為講究。

In addition, the costumes of various eras have their own characteristics. For example, in the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial court chose a dedicated person to frame the paintings. In the fourth year of Dade, "ancient jade and ivory were used as the axis, and Luan Que, wood, brocade, and blue sky were used as the core for decoration. In Ming Dynasty calligraphy and painting, an introduction was added to the scrolls, and some were even written with characters. The vertical axis was divided into wide and narrow edges, and some even added poetry halls. The materials and technical forms used for the decoration of court calligraphy and painting in the Qing Dynasty were superior to those in the Ming Dynasty, making them more exquisite.

另外宋代字畫作品許多不上印章，部分上蓋銅印與玉印，印色有密印和水櫻元代印章質(zhì)料有木、象牙、銅、玉等，印色為油印和水櫻元代自王冕始用石料印章。

In addition, many calligraphy and painting works of the Song Dynasty do not have seals, and some are covered with copper and jade seals. The printing colors include close seals and water cherry Yuan Dynasty seals made of wood, ivory, copper, jade, etc. The printing colors are oil seals and water cherry Yuan Dynasty seals made of stone since Wang Mian.

明代石料印章普遍，篆文刻法采用“錘頭式”，使用大多是油櫻清代印章形狀、字體、字形均呈多樣化，印色為油質(zhì)。畫中人物衣服與生活用具的鑒別各個年代冠服往往不同，生活用具也有差別，可以據(jù)以鑒別。

During the Ming Dynasty, stone seals were common, and the seal carving method used the "hammer head style". Most of the seals were made of oil Sakura. During the Qing Dynasty, the shapes, fonts, and shapes of the seals were diverse, and the printing colors were made of oil. The identification of clothing and daily necessities of the characters in the painting often varies from era to era, and daily necessities also vary, which can be used for identification.

名人字畫回收之紙、帛的鑒別以及其他方面的鑒別相關(guān)內(nèi)容就講解到這里了，希望能夠給您好的幫助，更多事項就來我們網(wǎng)站http://m.tz998.com咨詢！

That's all for the identification of paper, silk, and other related aspects of celebrity calligraphy and painting recycling. We hope it can be helpful to you. For more information, please come to our website http://m.tz998.com consulting service