The original works of calligraphy and painting need to be natural, smooth and changeable, the composition structure needs to be surprisingly reasonable, the artistic conception is far-reaching, the content should be full, the inscription should be clear, and the seal should be clear. The characteristics of the times and personal style are real and reliable, and they are also an important basis for distinguishing fake calligraphy and painting.

由于不同時代的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、文化條件、政治制度、風俗習慣、生活水平、重大歷史事件等諸多差異，收購名人字畫形成了不同時代獨特的歷史背景和歷史印記。這種歷史背景和印記決定了同時，當代藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的整體框架也反映了當時大多數(shù)人的審美取向，是與其他時代明顯不同的特殊標志。歷史上的“歌舞”“金馬”；“抗日戰(zhàn)爭”和“文化大革命”具有完全不同的時代特征。紙、絲綢等書畫的重要載體也儲存著大量的時代氣息，這也是斷代的依據(jù)之一。在古代，絲綢織物早于紙張用于書畫，目前能見到的早的書畫作品是漢代的帛畫。據(jù)相關(guān)記載，唐代以前使用生絲，唐代使用熟絲。收購名人字畫印章在書畫中的運用脈絡(luò)清晰。宋代以前，書畫作品上的題跋和印章很少。宋朝開始印刷的時候是水印印泥，觀察到目前為止一直比較暗。后來有了蜜印，但還是沒有持續(xù)多久。油印出現(xiàn)在明朝，一直沿用今。有些有自己的特點，可以幫助識別。書畫的一段早出現(xiàn)在元代，但信帖要早得多。元明清時期一段的書寫形式和稱謂也有所不同，元明以后出現(xiàn)了大量的序跋。收購名人字畫的內(nèi)容和身份可能在鑒別書畫真?zhèn)畏矫嫫鸬街匾饔谩Ｋ^“流傳有序”，往往來源于碑刻、收藏的印章和一些描述(如石渠寶坻、江村避暑山莊等)。

Due to many differences in economic development, cultural conditions, political systems, customs, living standards and major historical events in different times, the acquisition of celebrity calligraphy and painting has formed a unique historical background and historical mark in different times. This historical background and mark determine that at the same time, the overall framework of contemporary art creation also reflects the aesthetic orientation of most people at that time, which is a special sign obviously different from other times. "Song and dance" and "Golden Horse" in history; The "Anti Japanese War" and the "Cultural Revolution" have completely different characteristics of the times. Paper, silk and other important carriers of calligraphy and painting also store a lot of flavor of the times, which is also one of the basis for dating. In ancient China, silk fabrics were used for calligraphy and painting earlier than paper. At present, the earliest calligraphy and painting works can be seen are silk paintings of the Han Dynasty. According to relevant records, raw silk was used before the Tang Dynasty and cooked silk was used in the Tang Dynasty. The application of celebrity calligraphy and painting seals in calligraphy and painting is clear. Before the Song Dynasty, there were few inscriptions, postscripts and seals on calligraphy and painting works. At the beginning of printing in the Song Dynasty, the watermark ink was used. It has been observed that it has been dark so far. Later, there was a honey seal, but it didn't last long. Mimeograph appeared in the Ming Dynasty and has been used today. Some have their own characteristics that can help identify. A section of calligraphy and painting appeared as early as the Yuan Dynasty, but letters and posts were much earlier. The writing forms and appellations of a period in the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties were also different. There were a large number of preface and postscript after the yuan and Ming Dynasties. The acquisition of the content and identity of celebrity calligraphy and painting may play an important role in identifying the authenticity of calligraphy and painting. The so-called "orderly circulation" often comes from steles, collected seals and some descriptions (such as Shiqu Baodi, Jiangcun summer resort, etc.).

收購名人字畫就筆而言，、側(cè)翼、隱藏、暴露、反轉(zhuǎn)、順豐等。筆觸有方圓、慢鏡頭、剛?cè)岵?、健康迷人等等，各有所長。對于油墨顏色，深淺、干濕是不同的。甚有些畫家和油漆工專門畫某一種墨色。收購名人字畫比如在畫風景畫時，李可染喜歡用甘龍御墨追求黑中帶紫、紫中閃耀的特殊效果。書畫家的個人風格具體而獨特，獨特的個性是用獨特的筆墨和規(guī)則來表達的。不管別人怎么模仿，都很難做到完全一致，也不能把任何人排除在孩子之外。很多書畫贗品只能形似而不能神似，就是個人風格難以復(fù)制的例子。當然，要完全把握一個書畫家的個人風格并不容易，因為個人風格是由多種因素驅(qū)動的，有一定的形成和發(fā)展過程，是動態(tài)的、豐富的。每個畫家的筆法、書法、意境、思想感情都會在早、中、晚年發(fā)生變化，甚前后的稿費也會有所不同。收購名人字畫齊白石的山水創(chuàng)作主要在前期，代代相傳的數(shù)量很少。他細致的草蟲只做在40-60歲之間，大部分都是晚年的寫意花鳥。這些復(fù)雜的情況告訴我們，要掌握畫家的個人風格，需要了解整個過程。關(guān)鍵在于對畫家個人風格的熟悉程度，就像我們的一些親戚朋友一樣，從外貌、身材到氣質(zhì)，再到特殊喜好，再到思想情感，了解得越深，把握得就越大，直到有人能聽得見、知道為止。

The acquisition of celebrity calligraphy and painting in terms of pen, flank, hiding, exposure, reversal, SF, etc. The strokes include square and round, slow motion, combination of hardness and softness, health and charm, and so on. For ink color, depth, dry and wet are different. Even some painters and painters specialize in painting a certain ink color. When purchasing celebrity calligraphy and painting, such as landscape painting, Li Keran likes to use Ganlong Royal ink to pursue the special effects of black with purple and shining in purple. The individual style of calligraphers and painters is specific and unique, and the unique personality is expressed by unique pen, ink and rules. No matter how others imitate, it is difficult to be completely consistent, and no one can be excluded from children. Many calligraphy and painting fakes can only be similar in shape but not in spirit, which is an example of personal style that is difficult to copy. Of course, it is not easy to fully grasp a calligrapher's personal style, because personal style is driven by many factors, has a certain process of formation and development, and is dynamic and rich. Every painter's brushwork, calligraphy, artistic conception, thoughts and feelings will change in early, middle and later years, and even the royalties will be different before and after. Qi Baishi's landscape creation is mainly in the early stage, and the number handed down from generation to generation is very small. His meticulous grass insects are only made between the ages of 40-60, and most of them are freehand flowers and birds in his later years. These complex situations tell us that to master the painter's personal style, we need to understand the whole process. The key lies in the familiarity with the painter's personal style, just like some of our relatives and friends, from appearance, figure to temperament, to special preferences, to thoughts and emotions. The deeper we understand, the greater we grasp until someone can hear and know.

知假知假

Knowing false and knowing false

收購名人字畫為了少走彎路，吸收前人經(jīng)驗，充分了解歷代主要的偽造方法，在辨別偽造品的過程中，一定要選對地方，找出原因。

In order to avoid detours, absorb previous experience and fully understand the main forgery methods of previous dynasties, we must choose the right place and find out the reasons in the process of identifying forgeries.

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